The Pulayar people have their separate and exclusive traditions and beliefs, partly due to their segregation from the mainstream community at the bottom end of the caste system in Kerala
Kerala is a Indian Union States and territories of India located in the southwestern part of India. With an Arabian Sea coastline on the west, it is bordered on the north by Karnataka and by Tamil Nadu on the south and east.... and Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 States and territories of India of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai . Tamil Nadu lies in the southern most part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by Puducherry , Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh..... Thus they have maintained their local Folklore or pre-Hindu belief systems that were unique to that age and area.Their marriage rituals were described by Edgar Thurston, who highlighted the fact that the bride's face was painted with a red and white pattern. Nowadays many of these customs have fallen into disuse.The spiritual life of the Pulaya includes certain ancient magic rituals and practices that have a certain reputation. Members of the mainstream community may consult Pulaya sorcerers (Manthrikavadi) in Kerala, for advice.Pulayas are noted for their music, craftsmanship, and for certain dances which include Kolam-thullal, a mask dance which is part of their exorcism rituals, as well as the Mudi-attam
Mudi-attam is an art form once prevalent, but now disappearing, in Central Travancore in Kerala. This is performed by the Pulaya and Paraya castes.... or hair-dance which has its origins in a fertility ritual.Other Pulayar traditions include the Theyyannam, a ritualistic dance performed by the Pulaya and Kurava communities. Theyyannam is found in Mavelikara, Pandalam and some places in Alappuzha District. When man turned to cultivation, his liking and respect for it began to increase. Though he cultivates different crops, he has a partiality for paddy cultivation. This is the theme of Theyyannam.Bhadrakali thullal is a devotional offering of Pulayas for the deity Bhadrakali
Sitala, Sitala Devi or Mariamman is the Goddess of Smallpox or the Goddess of Disease in popular or non-Vedic Hinduism..... Special pandals are constructed in the fields after the harvest and the dances are performed. They are quite drawn-out and have numerous phases.
Saturday, August 22, 2009
Current condition
The status of the Pulayar as a group is the barometer of the success or failure of the caste reformation process that is going on in pre-independence India
India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world.... in general and Kerala in particular.In the 19th century,Ayyankali
Ayyankali was a leader of the Indian lower caste Dalit s known as the Untouchables. He pioneered many reforms to improve the lifes of the Dalits.... was influential in the upliftment of this downtrodden group. The followers of Ayyankali have an organization called Kerala Pulaya Maha Sabha (KPMS).In general the Pulayar still suffer discrimination and their life expectancy, nutrition levels, education levels and child mortality rates are below the average Kerala standards. However, some Pulayars like the current Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan
Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan known as K. G. Balakrishnan, is the thirty-seventh Chief Justice of India. He is the only Dalit and the only Malayali to become the Chief Justice of India.... have been able to progress economically.In neighbouring Tamil Nadu state, the word Pulayar was replaced by Paraiyar
Paraiyar, Parayar or Sambavar also called Adi-Dravida are a social group found in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and in Sri Lanka .... and Pallar
Pallar are a caste of upwardly mobile Tamil people agriculturalists and agricultural caste of Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka and amongst the Tamil diaspora.....In Karnataka the etymologically related Holeya caste's social status is still at the bottom with little or merely marginal improvements since Indian independence.Due to affirmative action
The term affirmative action refers to policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in an attempt to promote equal opportunity. The focus of such policies ranges from employment and public contracting to educational outreach and health programs ....s including Land Reforms and better educational avenues in Kerala, Pulayas are making some progress. Although one can find members of this caste in many walks of life today, the majority of them are still engaged in menial jobs such as day laborers.
India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world.... in general and Kerala in particular.In the 19th century,Ayyankali
Ayyankali was a leader of the Indian lower caste Dalit s known as the Untouchables. He pioneered many reforms to improve the lifes of the Dalits.... was influential in the upliftment of this downtrodden group. The followers of Ayyankali have an organization called Kerala Pulaya Maha Sabha (KPMS).In general the Pulayar still suffer discrimination and their life expectancy, nutrition levels, education levels and child mortality rates are below the average Kerala standards. However, some Pulayars like the current Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan
Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan known as K. G. Balakrishnan, is the thirty-seventh Chief Justice of India. He is the only Dalit and the only Malayali to become the Chief Justice of India.... have been able to progress economically.In neighbouring Tamil Nadu state, the word Pulayar was replaced by Paraiyar
Paraiyar, Parayar or Sambavar also called Adi-Dravida are a social group found in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and in Sri Lanka .... and Pallar
Pallar are a caste of upwardly mobile Tamil people agriculturalists and agricultural caste of Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka and amongst the Tamil diaspora.....In Karnataka the etymologically related Holeya caste's social status is still at the bottom with little or merely marginal improvements since Indian independence.Due to affirmative action
The term affirmative action refers to policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in an attempt to promote equal opportunity. The focus of such policies ranges from employment and public contracting to educational outreach and health programs ....s including Land Reforms and better educational avenues in Kerala, Pulayas are making some progress. Although one can find members of this caste in many walks of life today, the majority of them are still engaged in menial jobs such as day laborers.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
